Occurrence and patterns of orofacial injury in CrossFit practitioners.

BACKGROUND: CrossFit is an activity that can provide positive influences on body composition and physical fitness. However, the occurrence or pattern of possible injuries, especially in the orofacial region, has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and patterns of orofacial injuries in CrossFit practitioners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out using an online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform. The volunteers were self-selected men and women who practice CrossFit and reside in Brazilian municipalities. The online survey was conducted during April 2020 and comprised 12 questions. The data were analyzed, categorized, and presented as percentages. RESULTS: These were 65 (27.8%) participants who reported having suffered at least one episode of orofacial trauma and they were more prevalent during training sessions 58 (89.2%). Among the regions with the highest frequency of injuries, the head 23 (21%), mental protuberance 22 (19.6%), upper lip 19 (16.9%), and maxillary teeth 14 (12.5%) were the most cited. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of injuries in the head region indicates a potential concern. Preference should be given to making mouthguards for the maxillary teeth, as they are significantly more affected by trauma during CrossFit when compared to the mandibular teeth.

Correction to: Periodontal Disease Impairs Muscle Recovery by Modulating the Recruitment of Leukocytes.

The original version of this article contained mistakes, and the authors would like to correct them.

PROPOSTA DE TERMO DE CONSENTIMENTO LIVRE E ESCLARECIDO PARA USO DE PROTETORES BUCAIS PERSONALIZADOS / Proposed of informed consent for use of personalized mouthguards

Durante a prática de esportes, especialmente considerando as modalidades de luta, a cavidade oral fica vulnerável aos eventos traumáticos decorrentes do contato entre os esportistas, o que pode comprometer o bom desenvolvimento da atividade e o próprio desempenho do atleta. A utilização de protetores bucais é uma medida fundamental para reduzir a ocorrência dessas injúrias e, principalmente as suas gravidades, favorecendo uma recuperação mais eficaz e rápida. Contudo, é obrigação ética do profissional e prerrogativa legal dos pacientes receber as informações relacionadas ao seu tratamento da forma mais completa possível, bem como certificar-se que os pacientes compreenderam estas questões. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma proposta de um modelo de Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido para uso de protetores bucais personalizados, o qual aborda as questões pertinentes à confecção destes dispositivos. Este documento traz inúmeros benefícios para a especialidade, pois apresenta características como o fortalecimento do vínculo de confiança entre o dentista e o paciente atleta, a determinação de benefícios apropriados, riscos e encargos, a compreensão das vulnerabilidades entre as partes e a obtenção de permissões e aprovações. A confecção e o uso de protetores bucais apresentam especificidades importantes e estas devem estar esclarecidas para o paciente.

Periodontal Disease Impairs Muscle Recovery by Modulating the Recruitment of Leukocytes.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of periodontal disease (PD) associated with physical exercise on inflammatory mediators and muscle repair. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (SH), healthy trained (TH), sedentary with PD (SP), and trained with PD (TP). PD was induced in groups SP and TP while the trained groups performed treadmill exercises for 8 weeks. For the analysis of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and leukocyte count, we collected blood samples. Cryolesions were induced in the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius, which were analyzed for morphological changes. The presence of PD modified leukocyte counts, while exercise showed an additive role. PD increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, and physical exercise changed only values of IL-10. The association between physical exercise and PD was responsible for an increased concentration of leukocytes in the region of the inflammation. Serum levels of inflammatory markers were modified by PD and, when combined with exercise, may negatively modulate inflammation. The association between PD and physical exercise showed the most significant changes in the number of inflammatory cells and may negatively influence the process of muscle repair.

Effects of Diabetes and Hypertension on Oral Mucosa and TGFß1 Salivary Levels.

The aim of this study was to investigate salivary levels of TGFß1 and proliferation/ maturation of epithelial mucosa cells in diabetic and hypertensive patients. DESIGN: in this cross-sectional study, whole stimulated saliva and oral mucosa exfoliative cytology specimens were collected from 39 patients that were healthy (control, n=10) or presented history of arterial hypertension (HAS, n=9), diabetes mellitus (DM, n=10) or both (DM+HAS, n=10). Salivary flow rate (SFR), TGFß1 level in saliva, AgNORs and the epithelial maturation were evaluated. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison post-test and the Spearman test correlation analysis were used. SFR showed a significant decreased in DM and DM+HAS (0.47±0.11 and 0.64±0.43 mL/min) when compared to control (1.4±0.38 mL/min). DM+HAS presented the highest value of TGFß1 concentration (24.72±5.89 pg/mL). It was observed a positive correlation between TGFß1 and glycaemia (R=0.6371; p<0.001) and a negative correlation between TGFß1 and saliva (R=-0.6162; p<0.001) and glycaemia and SFR (R=-0.5654; P=0.001). AgNORs number and status of maturation of mucosa cells were similar for all conditions. DM and DM+HAS presented the lowest SFR, which correlated with increased TGFß1 levels. Despite the higher TGFß1 secretion it was not observed changes in the morphology or proliferation of epithelial cells when diabetes or hypertension was present.

Effects of diabetes and hypertension on oral mucosa and tgfß1 salivary levels

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate salivary levels of TGFβ1 and proliferation/ maturation of epithelial mucosa cells in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Design: in this cross-sectional study, whole stimulated saliva and oral mucosa exfoliative cytology specimens were collected from 39 patients that were healthy (control, n=10) or presented history of arterial hypertension (HAS, n=9), diabetes mellitus (DM, n=10) or both (DM+HAS, n=10). Salivary flow rate (SFR), TGFβ1 level in saliva, AgNORs and the epithelial maturation were evaluated. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison post-test and the Spearman test correlation analysis were used. SFR showed a significant decreased in DM and DM+HAS (0.47±0.11 and 0.64±0.43 mL/min) when compared to control (1.4±0.38 mL/min). DM+HAS presented the highest value of TGFβ1 concentration (24.72±5.89 pg/mL). It was observed a positive correlation between TGFβ1 and glycaemia (R=0.6371; p<0.001) and a negative correlation between TGFβ1 and saliva (R=-0.6162; p<0.001) and glycaemia and SFR (R=-0.5654; P=0.001). AgNORs number and status of maturation of mucosa cells were similar for all conditions. DM and DM+HAS presented the lowest SFR, which correlated with increased TGFβ1 levels. Despite the higher TGFβ1 secretion it was not observed changes in the morphology or proliferation of epithelial cells when diabetes or hypertension was present.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os níveis de TGFβ1 na saliva e a proliferação/maturação das células epiteliais da mucosa em paciente diabéticos e hipertensos. Neste estudo transversal, saliva estimulada e amostras de citologia exfoliativa de mucosa oral foram coletadas de um total de 39 pacientes que se apresentavam saudáveis (controle, n=10) ou com história de hipertensão arterial (HAS, n=9), diabetes mellitus (DM, n=10) ou ambos (DM+HAS, n=10). Taxa de fluxo salivar (SFR), níveis de TGFβ1 na saliva, AgNORs e maturação epitelial foram avaliados. Teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido de comparação múltipla de Dunn e correlação de Spearman foram utilizados para as análises. SFR diminuiu significantemente em DM e DM+HAS (0,47±0,11 e 0,64±0,43 mL/min) quando comparado ao controle (1,4±0,38 mL/min). DM+HAS apresentou os maiores valores de concentração de TGFβ1 (24,72±5,89 pg/mL). Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre TGFβ1 e glicemia (R=0,6371; p<0,001) e uma correlação negativa entre TGFβ1 e saliva (R=-0,6162; p<0,001) e glicemia e SFR (R=-0,5654; p=0,001). Número de AgNORs e o padrão da maturação das células epiteliais foram similares entre os todos grupos. DM e DM+HAS apresentaram os menores valores de SFR, os quais foram correlacionados com o aumento nos níveis de TGFβ1. Apesar da maior secreção de TGFβ1, não foram observadas mudanças na morfologia ou proliferação das células epiteliais quando o paciente apresentava diabetes ou hipertensão.

Oral manifestation of histoplasmosis on the palate.

This case report describes an uncommon manifestation of histoplasmosis on the soft palate. The importance of appropriate treatment and follow-up in complex cases is emphasized, especially in patients with chronic diseases. Oral lesions may occur as multiple, granular and painful ulcers, as well as verrucous growths. Lesions may also be deep, with infiltrative edges and erythematous or with white areas, accompanied by local lymphadenopathy, resembling a carcinoma on clinical examination. In this sense, a fast and accurate diagnosis is essential to the success of treatment of oral histoplasmosis.

Manifestações clínicas orais da sífilis

Discutir as manifestações clínicas orais da sí- filis, com a apresentação de casos clínicos. Relato de caso: Caso 1: paciente masculino, 28 anos, apresentando placa mucosa elevada, firme ao toque, de superfície irregular e com cobertura fibrinóide, contornos bem definidos, sem sintomatologia, na mucosa do lábio inferior. Também foi observado um nódulo bilobulado, firme ao toque, superfície irregular e com cobertura fibrinóide, contornos bem definidos, sem sintomatologia, no ápice de língua. Caso 2: paciente masculino, 22 anos, apresentando queixa de dor de garganta, febre baixa (38°C), mal estar e linfoadenopatia cervical, há 15 dias. O exame clínico oral revelou duas áreas erosivas, eritematosas, sem sintomatologia, no dorso da língua, e uma lesão ulcerada rasa, circundada por área eritematosa, na borda da língua. Foram solicitados exames laboratoriais para os pacientes, confirmando o diagnóstico de sífilis secundária. O tratamento recomendado foi iniciado, havendo a regressão dos sinais clínicos e sintomas, a partir da segunda semana de tratamento. Considerações finais: o desafio do diagnóstico reside no reconhecimento das manifestações clínicas da sífilis, incluindo as características das lesões mucosas e cutâneas. O cirurgião-dentista tem um importante papel de contribuição, devendo conhecer as manifestações mais comuns de sífilis na mucosa oral, para auxiliar com efetividade no diagnóstico e tratamento da doença.

Oral manifestation of histoplasmosis on the palate

Abstract This case report describes an uncommon manifestation of histoplasmosis on the soft palate. The importance of appropriate treatment and follow-up in complex cases is emphasized, especially in patients with chronic diseases. Oral lesions may occur as multiple, granular and painful ulcers, as well as verrucous growths. Lesions may also be deep, with infiltrative edges and erythematous or with white areas, accompanied by local lymphadenopathy, resembling a carcinoma on clinical examination. In this sense, a fast and accurate diagnosis is essential to the success of treatment of oral histoplasmosis.

Oral manifestation of tuberculosis: a case-report.

The present case-report describes tuberculosis on the oral mucosa, in a rare manifestation of the disease. The importance of appropriate diagnosis and awareness of the clinical manifestations is highlighted. Oral lesions seem to occur as chronic ulcers, nodular or granular areas, and rare, firm leukoplakia regions. Most extra-pulmonary lesions represent secondary infections of a primary lung infectious focus; therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is required for planning of the best treatment and strategies to control the disease.

Impacto da condição periodontal nos níveis séricos de marcadores inflamatórios e no processo de reparo muscular de ratos Wistar treinados e sedentários / Periodontal impact of condition in serum and inflammatory markers in the process of repair muscle of Winstar rats trained and sedentary

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as alterações no perfil inflamatório causado pela associação da doença periodontal e o exercício físico, em condições fisiológicas, e o papel desta interação sobre o processo de reparo muscular. Para isso, foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: Controle saudável e sedentário (SS); Controle saudável e treinado (TS); Com doença periodontal e sedentário (SC) e Com doença periodontal e treinado (TC). Foi realizada a indução de doença periodontal pela técnica de ligadura nos grupos SC e TC. Os grupos TS e TC realizaram um protocolo de exercício físico intenso em esteira rolante, durante 8 semanas. Ao longo das semanas do experimento, foram realizadas coletas de sangue para análise dos níveis séricos de citocinas inflamatórias e de leucócitos circulantes. Ao final do protocolo de exercício, foi realizada a indução de lesão muscular, por criolesão, nos músculos tibial anterior e gastrocnêmio de todos os animais, sendo os ratos sacrificados 3 dias após a criolesão. Foram realizadas análises morfológicas dos músculos com lesão induzida e dos músculos contralaterais, além do timo. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 17.0 para Windows. Para realizar a comparação das médias entre os grupos, nos diferentes momentos analisados, foi utilizando o teste One-Way ANOVA e teste Post-Hoc de Tukey, com nível de significância de 0,05%. A doença periodontal foi capaz de modificar células e mediadores inflamatórios sistêmicos, tendo uma ação indireta no catabolismo muscular e no processo de reparo tecidual após lesão, sendo seu efeito potencializado, quando associada ao exercício físico.

The aim of the study was to analyze the changes in the inflammatory profile caused by the association of periodontal disease and exercise, under physiological conditions, and the role of this interaction on the process of muscle repair. For this, it was used 24 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into four groups: healthy and sedentary (SS), healthy trained (TS); sedentary with periodontal disease (SC) and trained with periodontal disease (TC). Periodontal disease induction was performed in the SC and TC groups. TS and TC groups underwent a protocol of intense exercise on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Over the weeks of the experiment, blood samples were taken for analysis of serum inflammatory cytokines and circulating leukocytes. At the end of the exercise protocol it was induced muscle damage at the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles of all animals by cryoinjury, and the ratswere sacrificed 3 days after the cryoinjury. Morphological analyzes were performed with muscle injury induced, undamaged contralateral muscles, and thymus. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. To perform the comparison of means between groups in different time points analyzed, it was used One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test with a significance level of 0.05%. It was obseved that periodontal disease was able to modify white blood cells count and the systemic levels of inflammatory mediators, with an indirect action in muscle catabolism and tissue repair after injury, and its action is potentiated when combined with exercise.